LIPOSUCTION: good candidates for liposuction
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Not everyone is a good candidate for liposuction. Patients with stretch marks and cellulite do not get as good a result. It is important for the patient to be in good health. Hypertension and diabetes increase the risk of complications from surgery.

Patients over 40 can still have surgery but must accept that skin contraction is less likely and loose skin can result. Some surgeons will not operate on patients with inelastic skin.

method • FAQs • cost

In most cases patients with clotting disorders, untreated hernias in the area of surgery, and obesity are not candidates for surgery.

Anyone who suffers from any serious illness, either physical or emotional, may not be suitable candidates for surgery.

Ultrasonic liposuction may offer the chance of surgery to patients who are not candidates for traditional liposuction

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- copyright Patrick Hudson MDPA 505/242 0070 -
New pages from www.e-sthetics.com and www.phudson.com
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informed consent for cosmetic surgery

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informed consent for cosmetic surgery

Most experts tell us that true informed consent is almost impossible, but that does not mean that all of us, doctors and patients should not try to communicate well before surgery.

The California Supreme Court has ruled that doctors should discuss major risks of serious injury and death. How much information needs to be provided about more minor problems is unclear

Modern medicine is so technical that it would require a medical degree and years of specialist training to understand the ins and outs of any surgical procedure. The time available during a consultation is limited and full coverage of any procedure is impossible.

Studies show that many patients have their mind made up before they come for a consultation In these circumstances the patient may not listen to the doctor. Indeed they may be thinking of other things such as the cost or whether they like the doctor. Patients remember only what they want to remember. In one study, even when warned they would be asked questions afterwards, they remembered about one third of what they are told.

Some patients may want to believe that the surgery is risk free. Denial and repression play a large part in the inability to retain information about surgery. Some patients think that if they have a particular doctor they need not worry about the complications. Others feel that they are immune to complications or will not have problems because they take certain medicines, such as vitamins

Many patients come to the doctor with a large amount of inaccurate information which makes it difficult to accept the new information given by their doctor. No matter how hard the doctor tries many patients may not get the information they need to make a good decision. Surprisingly patients who are more nervous seem to remember more than those who are calm. Well educated patients also tend to retain more information.

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- copyright Patrick Hudson MDPA 505/242 0070 -
New pages from www.e-sthetics.com and www.phudson.com
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Welcome and Introduction to E-sthetics...
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E-sthetics... is the most comprehensive source of online information dedicated to aesthetic (cosmetic) plastic surgery. You will find information about all the major areas treated by modern cosmetic surgeons, including aging change, plastic surgery after pregnancy, male cosmetic surgery,facial sculpturing, body sculpturing and scar revision. It includes detailed information about all the major operations such as facelifts, liposuction, breast enlargement and "tummy tucks".

We have several sister sites which cover specific issues. These include Cosmetic Surgery News (CSN) , Best Plastic Surgery Site of the Week, Q & A BLog and New Pages Blog. Wherever you live in the world we hope to give you useful information about cosmetic plastic surgery.

This website is constantly changed and updated, so a return visit is well worthwhile. We have limited our use of graphics so you can move rapidly between pages. A photograph album is provided to allow you to review before and after photographs.

The site is authored by Patrick Hudson.

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- copyright Patrick Hudson MDPA 505/242 0070 -
New pages from www.e-sthetics.com and www.phudson.com
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FINDING A PLASTIC SURGEON
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There is no perfect way to find a good plastic surgeon but two main factors are the qualifications of the doctor and the doctor's personality.

This is probably the most common question we are asked at E-sthetics. There is no perfect way to find a good doctor and you need to take into account many factors.The two main factors are the qualifications of the doctor and the doctor's personality.

There are many ways you can find out about a doctor's training. The simplest is to ask. Most doctors are happy to provide you with information about their background and training. If they are not, then you a justified in being suspicious.

There are many professional organizations worldwide that publish lists of their members and this is often a good starting place. In the United States the American Society of Plastic Surgeons has a doctor finder web page which may help you. They also provide a toll free number 1 800 635 0635 . You might also ask if the doctor is board certified in the field of plastic surgery. Although this does not guarantee a good result it does
tell you about their training.
Outside the United States you should check with your local plastic surgery association or medical society.

You might try talking to your family doctor and local medical association. They often have a personal knowledge of a doctor's reputation. Nurses and people who work in hospitals also have first hand experience of a doctor.

Check around in your community and talk to people who have had surgery. If a doctor is getting consistent results, you may be able to discover this by word of mouth.

Local hospitals often have training requirements to allow doctors to work on their staff. This is also a good place to start your search.

The second factor, the doctor's personality, is also important. You can look at it this way. If all goes well, which it does in most cases, you will see the doctor only a handful of times. However, if you have a problem, you and the doctor are going to have to work through some difficult times together. You may need to get on well with the surgeon, and the surgeon with you, under some trying conditions. Talk to several surgeons and you will soon get a sense of the ones that you like and can get on with. When the doctor you like is also well trained you have a good combination.

Remember that no matter how well trained or nice the doctor, problems can arise. About one in every hundred patients will have a major problem after any type of surgery and plastic surgery is no exception. Not every patient is happy with the result of surgery.

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- copyright Patrick Hudson MDPA 505/242 0070 -
New pages from www.e-sthetics.com and www.phudson.com
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COSMETIC SURGERY IN TEENS
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Plastic surgeons believe that for some teenage patients cosmetic plastic surgery can benefit their physical and emotional development. The surgeon must make certain that the teen's expectations are clearly understood and select the right operation. Both the parents and the teen must be open about their feelings concerning plastic surgery. Although exceptions occur there are some operations that should normally not be done on teenagers.

Inappropriate operations for teenagers

Breast enlargement is not done before the age of 18 because late development may occur.

Liposuction and ultrasonic liposuction are not a solution for unwanted baby fat. Most teens experience major changes in the body shape for several years.

Cheek implants produce subtle results. It is unlikely that the average teen is able to evaluate the benefits adequately.

Appropriate operations for teenagers

Rhinoplasty(nose reshaping) is the most common cosmetic procedure requested by teens. The nose has finished most of its growth by 13 or 14 in girls and 15 or 16 in boys.

Otoplasty(ear pinback) is one of the few operations performed on young children, even as young as five.

Breast Reduction can help girls as young as 15 who are embarrassed by very large breasts. They may be have shoulder pains, breathing difficulty and embarrassment in social situations. Even though operations to correct breast asymmetry can help girls as young as 16, most doctors would wait until full growth has occurred. One breast can differ from the other in either size or shape.

Gynecomastia (excessive breast development on men) is common in teenage boys and often disappears on its own. If severe the excess tissue can be removed as young as 16.

Chin augmentation may be suitable after the age of 15. Chin implants are often inserted at the same time as a rhinoplasty.

• readers also enjoyed these
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CIRCUMCISION
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CIRCUMCISION VIDEO



An examination of legal and ethical issues surrounding male circumcision

It is always hard to understand why cruel and barbaric practices have developed and even harder to comprehend why they remain. Genital mutilation of young girls (female genital mutilation, FGM) and boys (male genital mutilation, MGM) is one of the most widespread problems. International campaigns have successfully reduced this problem in some areas of the world but still it remains a problem in other, mainly underdeveloped, areas. A renewed effort to rid our world of these problems is now underway and it is hoped that over the next decade infants will no longer be submitted to these practices. The information provided here will help you find the help you need to combat these procedures.

"What's done to children, they will do to society."
Karl Menninger, MD

"My own preference, if I had the good fortune to have another son, would be to leave his little penis alone."
—Benjamin Spock, M.D.,

". . . there are now serious concerns this routine procedure may actually deprive adult men of a vital part of their sexual sensitivity."
Dean Edell, M.D.,

Karl Menninger, MD
The True Story of John/Joan: Botched circumcision changed his life

Sexual Pleasure after circumcision (from British Journal of Urology)
http://www.webmagician.com/pubservice/circinfo/bju_excerpt.html
The U.S. circumcision rate declined 11.4% over two years, according to figures just released by the National Center for Health Statistics, from 63.1% in 2001 to 55.9% in 2003, following a steady, twenty-five year decline. At this rate, in just 12 years, the US will join other English-speaking countries in abandoning circumcision. Medicalized, mass circumcision of infants is a uniquely English-speaking phenomenon. Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom formerly circumcised the majority of infant boys, but have either abandoned the practice, or reduced the rate to about 1 in 10. The United States medical community stands alone is profiting from a non-therapeutic, unnecessary procedure performed on non-consenting minors. The largest decline was in western states where the rate dropped 23%; and seven out of ten boys remained genitally intact. In 2003, 45% of American newborn males left the hospital intact, up from 37% in 2001.

Since 1996, it has been illegal to circumcise girls in the US. The law itself is legally questionable because it lacks equal protection, which the Constitution makes mandatory.
Countries in which male circumcision is still practised and the majority of males are circumcised. Most are third world countries:

Afghanistan
A mountainous landlocked country in central Asia; bordered by Iran to the west and Russia to the north and Pakistan to the east and south
Albania
A republic in southeastern Europe on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula
Algeria
A republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea with a population that is predominantly Sunni Muslim; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s
Azerbaijan
A landlocked republic in southwestern Asia; formerly an Asian soviet
Bahrain
An island country in the Persian Gulf off the coast of Saudi Arabia; oil revenues funded progressive programs until reserves were exhausted in 1970s
Bangladesh
A Muslim republic in southern Asia bordered by India to the north and west and east and the Bay of Bengal to the south; formerly part of India and then part of Pakistan; it achieved independence in 1971
Benin
A country on western coast of Africa; formerly under French control
Cameroon
A republic on the western coast of central Africa; was under French and British control until 1960
Chad
A family of Afroasiatic tonal languages (mostly two tones) spoken in the regions west and south of Lake Chad in north central Africa
Comoros
A country on the Comoro Islands
Djibouti
A country in northeastern Africa on the Somali peninsula; formerly under French control but became independent in 1997
Egypt
A republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC
Eritrea
An African country north of Ethiopia on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Ethiopia in 1993
Ethiopia
Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia
Gabon
A republic on the west coast of Africa
Gambia
A narrow republic surrounded by Senegal in West Africa
Ghana
A republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea
Guinea
A republic in eastern Africa on the Atlantic; formerly a French colony; achieved independence from France in 1958
Indonesia
A republic in southeastern Asia on an archipelago including more than 13,000 islands; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1945; the principal oil producer in the Far East and Pacific regions
Iran
A theocratic islamic republic in the Middle East in western Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient empire that was known as Persia until 1935; rich in oil; involved in state-sponsored terrorism
Iraq
A republic in the Middle East in western Asia; the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia was in the area now known as Iraq; modern government is involved in state-sponsored terrorism
Israel
Jewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean; formerly part of Palestine
Kazakhstan
A landlocked republic south of Russia and northeast of the Caspian Sea; the original Turkic-speaking inhabitants were overrun by Mongols in the 13th century; an Asian soviet from 1936 to 1991

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Kenya
A republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1963; major archeological discoveries have been made in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya
Kuwait
An Arab kingdom in Asia on the northwestern coast of the Persian Gulf; a major source of petroleum
Lebanon
An Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean
Libya
A military dictatorship in northern Africa on the Mediterranean; consists almost entirely of desert; a major exporter of petroleum
Madagascar
A republic on the island of Madagascar; achieved independence from France in 1960
Malaysia
A constitutional monarchy in southeastern Asia on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1957
Maldives
A republic on the Maldive Islands; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1965
Mali
A landlocked republic in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960; Mali was a center of West African civilization for more than 4,000 years
Mauritania
A country in northwestern Africa with a provisional military government; achieved independence from France in 1960; largely western Sahara Desert
Morocco
A kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa with a largely Muslim population; achieved independence from France in 1956
Nigeria
A republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; gained independence from Britain in 1960; most populous African country
Niger
An African river; flows into the South Atlantic
Pakistan
A Muslim republic that occupies the heartland of ancient south Asian civilization in the Indus River valley; formerly part of India; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947
Philippines
A republic on the Philippine Islands; achieved independence from the United States in 1946
Qatar
An Arab country on the peninsula of Qatar; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; the economy is dominated by oil
Republic of the Congo
A republic in west-central Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960
Samoa
A group of volcanic islands in the South Pacific midway between Hawaii and Australia; its climate and scenery and Polynesian culture make it a popular tourist stop
Tonga
A monarchy on a Polynesian archipelago in the South Pacific; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1970
Saudi Arabia
An absolute monarchy occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula in southwest Asia; vast oil reserves dominate the economy
Sierra Leone
A republic in West Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1961
Somalia
A republic in extreme eastern Africa on the Somali Peninsula; subject to tribal warfare
South Africa
A republic at the southernmost part of Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1910; first European settlers were Dutch (known as Boers)
South Korea
A republic in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula; established in 1948
Sudan
A republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956; involved in state-sponsored terrorism
Syria
An Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world's most ancient centers of civilization
Tajikistan
A landlocked mountainous republic in southeast central Asia north of Afghanistan; formerly an Asian soviet
Togo
A republic on the western coast of Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; formerly under French control
Tunisia
A republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in 1956
Turkey
A Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1923
Turkmenistan
A republic in Asia east of the Caspian Sea and south of Kazakhstan and north of Iran; an Asian soviet from 1925 to 1991
United Arab Emirates
A federation of seven Arab emirates on the eastern Arabian peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; rich in oil reserves
United States of America
North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776
Uzbekistan
A landlocked republic in west central Asia; formerly an Asian soviet
Vanuatu
A volcanic island republic in Melanesia; independent since 1980
Yemen
A republic on the southwestern shores of the Arabian Peninsula on the Indian Ocean; formed in 1990

Email Dr. Hudson if you have any questions.

- copyright Patrick Hudson MDPA 505/242 0070 -
New pages from www.e-sthetics.com and www.phudson.com
For comprehensive information about plastic surgery

FACIAL SCULPTURE
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When we talk about reshaping the face we think of these five procedures.


NOSE: Rhinoplasty (nose job)
You may be born with a nose that seems too large or you may have had an injury that changes the shape. In either case there is an operation to change the appearance of the nose. This is a Rhinoplasty or nose job.

EARS: Otoplasty (ear pinback)
Many children are born with ears which protrude too far from the head. This causes the "dumbo ear" appearance and is often very embarrassing. The problem is corrected by a combination of stitching and reshaping the ear cartilage, to bring it closer to the head.

CHIN: Genioplasty (chin implantation or reshaping)
If the chin does not develop fully it may appear receding or weak. To correct this problem the chin is brought forward by adding an implant over the prominence of the jaw or reshaping the underlying bone.

CHEEKS: Malarplasty (cheek implantation)
In some people the prominence of the cheek is underdeveloped and this leads to flat cheek bones. For some people this can accentuate the effects of aging. It is corrected by placing an implant over the prominence of the cheek.

FACIAL FAT: Liposuction (fat suctioning)
As with many areas of the body the fat can be suctioned to reshape the face. The most common areas are in the neck under the chin, the fold between the nose and the corner of the mouth and the jowl area.


FAQS about:
rhinoplasty • otoplasty • facial liposuction
chin implant • cheek implant

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- copyright Patrick Hudson MDPA 505/242 0070 -
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Today more men than ever are coming for cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery

Today more men than ever are coming for cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery

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COSMETIC SURGERY FOR MEN

Today more men than ever are coming for cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery. The reasons for this are complex. It probably reflects an increased awareness of cosmetic surgery and a growth in decision making by men in health care issues. In the past it was known that almost all decisions about health care were made by women. An old joke was that if a man needed a urologist he asked his wife who to go to and she would ask her gynecologist! Times have changed. Men now take increasing responsibility for their own choices in health care and one aspect of this is the growth in cosmetic surgery.

Another stimulus is the intense competition in the business world. There is often a perception, correct or not, that an older person is less up to date and efficient. In an effort to remain young looking , many men have turned to cosmetic surgery. Eating disorders, which may be a result of these stresses, are becoming more common in men.

Cosmetic surgery in men uses many of the same procedures as in women. However, because of the structure of a man's body there are many technical differences. For example, the skin in men is thicker and in the facial area contains hair. This means the blood supply is greater. The result is a greater risk of bleeding but good healing. In general, men tend to be less happy with the results of cosmetic surgery than women.

There are some problems and operations which are special for men. These include gynecomastia (large breasts), penis surgery and hair transplantation. Still, in most cases the surgery is a modification of the standard cosmetic operations.

Finally, as more men become aware of the civil rights issues of infant circumcision many are seeking a medical solution for infant genital surgery.


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- copyright Patrick Hudson MDPA 505/242 0070 -
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GYNECOMASTIA: A BRIEF SUMMARY

GYNECOMASTIA: A BRIEF SUMMARY
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Large breasts in men are common. It is estimated that at some time in their life over a third of men experience this problem.

This is a brief summary of the operation. More details can be obtained from your own surgeon, the ASPS or Dr. Hudson (505/242 0070). For more information see the most frequently asked questions (FAQs) about surgery for gynecomastia.

Indications: This operation is to remove excess breast tissue in men. This develops in one of two patterns, either a firm button of tissue beneath the nipple or a diffuse fatty change with poorly defined edges. Sometimes both patterns are present. The causes of gynecomastia (large breasts in men) are numerous and may dictate the treatment used.

Method: Ultrasonic liposuction alone is helpful for removing the tissue and may avoid skin excision in many patients. It is now considered the treatment of choice for many men with large breasts.The type of surgery recommended depends on the pattern of enlargement. The most common traaditional method is to remove the excess tissue through an incision around the nipple. The incision extends out from the nipple at 3 and 9 o'clock. Liposuction is used to improve the contour or remove additional fat. The operation is under a general anesthetic (you are asleep). Most of the time this is an outpatient operation and a stay in the hospital is not needed.

Problems: All operations have some risk. It is possible to divide the risks of surgery into two groups. First those that are seen in all operations and second those that are unique or special for this operation. In the first group, the main risks are swelling, bruising, bleeding, infection, a scar and numbness or change in feeling. The main problems which are special for this operation are surface irregularity and a change in shape or position of the nipple.

Postoperative care: The recovery takes one to two weeks. Most people are back to work within a week or two.

photographs of gynecomastia removal

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BODY SCULPTING - reshaping the body

BODY SCULPTING - reshaping the body

liposuction and ultrasonic liposuction : spot fat reduction is used for contouring the body. This is not used for weight loss although ultrasonic liposuction in stages can reduce large amounts of fat.
breast augmentation: enhancing or enlarging the size of the breasts using implants.
breast tightening: firming and tightening the breast is called a mastopexy. It raises the nipple on the profile of the breast.
breast reduction:making the breast smaller is called reduction mammoplasty. It can sometimes be done with liposuction.
abdominoplasty: removing fat and skin from the abdomen is a "tummy tuck". It is needed when loose skin or skin and fat are the problem.
brachioplasty: tightening the upper arm skin is an arm lift, sometimes liposuction alone is enough.
thigh and buttock lift: tightening the upper leg skin and fat is used to improve the appearance of the buttock and thigh. Buttock implants are used but this is not a widely accepted technique.
gynecomastia: breast reduction in men removes the excess fat in the breast that bothers so many men.
Email Dr. Hudson if you have any questions.

- copyright Patrick Hudson MDPA 505/242 0070 -
New pages from www.e-sthetics.com and www.phudson.com
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AGING: What can be done?

AGING: What can be done?
AGING: What can be done?

If we are honest few of us like the signs of aging in our body. The facial skin is the only area we can witness these changes on a daily basis. It is not surprising, then, that methods to correct aging change in the face are some of the most popular operations in cosmetic surgery.

For most of us the changes of aging are all too familiar: loose skin of the neck, fine lines and so on. These changes are not limited to the face but are also seen in other areas such as the hand.

The difference between skin resurfacing and facelifting: this is a common cause of confusion and one that can cause dissatisfaction if you do not select the appropriate operation. Resurfacing operations are designed to change the texture of the skin. They do this by removing the top layers of the skin and restructuring the deeper layers. It works well for fine lines or wrinkles. Although there may be a small amount of tightening this is not the primary purpose.

Tightening of loose skin is done with a facelift and here the reverse applies; fine lines may be slightly improved, but the primary aim is tightening of skin.

There are a number of non-surgical methods used to improve aging skin: you are probably familiar with the many common things you can do to reduce the effects of aging. These include avoiding the sun, stopping smoking and maintaining a healthy life style. Modern medicine has added some other methods.

method • FAQs • cost

Regular application of Retin-A or Prevage® may improve skin texture. Injections of collagen , Restylane® and fat can also disguise fine lines. BOTOX® is injected into muscle around the face to relax harsh lines and improve the appearance of wrinkles. Filler injections are becoming more common and will have an increasing role.

There are many operations that temporarily reverse the effect of aging. Remember that in all cases you will continue to age but the operations usually last for several years. As time passes you will gradually return to an appearance appropriate for your age.

Facelift (Rhytidectomy): A facelift tightens the loose skin of the face and neck. It does not change the eyes or forehead. The method is to undermine the skin and remove the excess. At the same time the underlying muscle is tightened. The incision is concealed behind the ear or in the scalp for most of its length.

Eyelid Tightening (Blepharoplasty): eyelid tightening removes the loose skin and bagginess from around the eyes. The excess skin is marked and excised. At the same time the small pouches of herniated fat are removed. This does not remove the fine crepiness from the eyelid skin.

Forehead Lift: Deep forehead crease lines and low brows, that create a tired look, are corrected with a forehead lift. The incision is disguised in the scalp or along the hairline. After undermining the skin and muscle the excess is removed.
Skin Resurfacing (peels, laser, dermabrasion): there is often confusion about the difference between these operations. Essentially they all do the same thing, By removing the surface layers and restructuring the deep layers of the skin they improve the appearance and get rid of many fine lines and imperfections. The appropriate operation for you depends on your needs. Your doctor can discuss the advantages and disadvantages with you.

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POSTPARTUM PLASTIC SURGERY

POSTPARTUM PLASTIC SURGERY
cosmetic and plastic surgery after pregnancy and childbirth

Becoming a mother doesn't mean you can't look as good or better than before pregnancy. Most women enjoy being pregnant and are happy to become mothers. But for some, the physical changes caused by pregnancy can take away some of the joy. If you feel this way, you're not alone. Fortunately, you don't simply have to "learn to love" your post-partum figure as women of earlier generations were told. Today, there are exciting options in plastic surgery to help you regain your pre-pregnancy form - or even improve on it. This area explains not only how your body changes during and after pregnancy, but ways to counteract these changes that won't interrupt your busy lifestyle or compromise your privacy. You see, many cosmetic procedures can be done on an outpatient basis. That means you're back home with your family the same day. Knowing your options can help give you peace of mind so you can relax and enjoy your pregnancy or the newfound pleasures of motherhood without worrying you'll never look as good as before.

Breast Enlargement (Augmentation)
One dilemma mothers-to-be face is whether or not to breastfeed. Many worry that breastfeeding will ruin the shape of their breasts. The truth is breastfeeding is not the culprit and it offers women and their babies numerous health benefits. Changes in the breasts actually occur during pregnancy. As the body prepares to nurture a child, milk glands in the breasts swell and replace fatty tissue. After childbirth, these glands shrink. What's left is a skin "envelope" with little to fill it. This causes the breasts to look less full or sag. Plastic surgery offers safe, natural-looking implants that return your breasts to their youthful contour. Your plastic surgeon can perform breast augmentation on an outpatient basis, with either local or general anesthetic. The small incisions are virtually undetectable, usually made under each breast, around the nipples or in the armpits. Implants may be inserted just under the gland of the breast or beneath the muscle tissue. Stitches are removed after approximately one week.

Breast Lifting (Mastopexy)
Some women experience extensive swelling in their breasts during pregnancy. In addition to the postpartum loss of fat tissue, swelling can cause the skin to stretch and sag. And no amount of exercise will re-tighten this skin. An outpatient procedure called "mastopexy" can remove excess skin and reduce sagging. Your plastic surgeon can use local or general anesthetic to tighten skin on the lower half of the breasts, which lifts and firms them.

Stomach Tightening (Abdominoplasty or Lipectomy)
Nowhere else is pregnancy more evident than a woman's abdomen. It was the nine-month home to your infant. It's also the place where stretch marks, C-section scars and loose skin may linger long after childbirth. These "badges of motherhood" can frustrate and depress a woman even as she rejoices at the life her body helped create. Lipectomy is a procedure that can remove the "pooch" of excess skin that lies below your navel. It can get rid of stretch marks and turn a very visible vertical C-section scar into a small bikini line that's easy to conceal. Many women have this operation done at the same time as a tubal ligation or a hysterectomy. Your plastic surgeon may admit patients to the hospital for one or two days. If you have only a small amount of excess skin, you may be a candidate for a mini-lipectomy (a less extensive procedure often done under local anesthetic) that still yields an impressive improvement.

Stomach Tightening for Muscle Bulges
For many women, excess skin is not the only abdominal change they experience after pregnancy. It's not uncommon for the stomach muscles to separate when holding an expanding uterus. Often those muscles fail to reconnect after childbirth, even with endless sit-ups. This condition can only be repaired with surgery and is sometimes covered by health insurance. Women having difficulty regaining their pre-pregnancy weight can benefit from the immediate and dramatic improvement a lipectomy can make on their figures. It frequently provides the emotional boost they need to commit to a healthy dieting and exercise regimen.

Spot Fat Reduction (Liposuction)
Now the most commonly-requested cosmetic surgery procedure, liposuction can especially benefit women after pregnancy. A slower metabolism, less time to exercise, whatever the reason, some new mothers complain they just cannot lose fat in certain spots like the thighs, buttocks and upper arms. Your plastic surgeon can re-sculpt the body, removing fat deposits that contribute to flabby underarms or bulges in the thighs. Liposuction is an outpatient procedure, and for small areas, can be done under local anesthetic. It is not appropriate for large fat deposits or for women who are generally overweight. However, it can be the impetus to encourage a healthy weight loss. When larger amounts of fat are involved and in special cases ultrasonic liposuction is needed.

Labioplasty
During a normal vaginal delivery, many women tear or otherwise damage the labia (the opening to the vagina). A labioplasty can repair this damage, helping a woman heal faster from such injuries. Your plastic surgeon may perform this outpatient procedure under local or general anesthetic. Recovery takes only a few days.

Changes in skin pigmentation,
Changes in skin pigmentation, called chloasma, are common on the face during pregnancy. Some studies suggest that up to three in four women may develop these changes which are characterized by a blotchy brown increase in pigment. If the pigment is in the epidermis it is often helped by bleaching agents such as hydroquinone.

Deciding What's Right for You
Just as having a baby takes careful planning and lots of thought, having a cosmetic procedure should be carefully considered. Women today have many options that won't disrupt their busy lifestyles or compromise their privacy.

Deciding What's Right for Your Son and Circumcision
method • civil rights • poor results • uncircumcision

other articles of interest:
abdominoplasty & mini-abdominoplasty compared • birth defects

Email Dr. Hudson if you have any questions.

- copyright Patrick Hudson MDPA 505/242 0070 -
New pages from www.e-sthetics.com and www.phudson.com
For comprehensive information about plastic surgery

Why people sue after an abdominoplasty

Why people sue after an abdominoplasty
About 3% of law suits filed concerning cosmetic surgery are for abdominoplasty or tummy tuck. This is less common than many other cosmetic surgery operations. Some common factors are:

1. loss of sensation

2. bad scars

3. nerve damage

4. infection

5. poor choice of surgery

When liposuction is combined with abdominoplasty it greatly increases the risk and doubles the number of suits. Skin slough (death of skin) is more common if liposuction and abdominoplasty are combined.
Diabetes and smoking are two major factors that can lead to severe problems after abdominoplasty.

Email Dr. Hudson if you have any questions.

- copyright Patrick Hudson MDPA 505/242 0070 -
New pages from www.e-sthetics.com and www.phudson.com
For comprehensive information about plastic surgery